DLNA: The Architecture

The major advantage of the DLNA architecture is it’s clear separation of concerns. This split into specialized roles allows developers to create focused, efficient devices that, when combined, form a sophisticated whole-house audio system. The architecture is built around three core components: Media Servers, which store and distribute (e.g. audio) content; Media Renderers, which receive and play that audio; and Control Points, which act as the intelligent conductors, discovering devices and orchestrating playback between them. Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

DLNA: Challenges

Introduction Last year, I started to work on a DLNA library for Arduino. There are some existing implementations, but they only implement “Control Points”, but no “Devices”. Now that the weather is getting colder, I decided to give this topic some more “love”. The Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) aimed to establish interoperability among PCs, consumer appliances, and mobile devices across wired and wireless networks. The goal was to provide a common solution for sharing Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

Playing RTTTL with STL Instruments

Yesterday I was ask to extend my Arduino AudioTools library to support RTTTL. To be honest, I had no clue what this is, so I had to look it up: RTTTL stands for Ring Tone Text Transfer Language and was developed by Nokia to transfer ringtones to cellphones. It basically descibes the notes and durations in simple text form. My library supports different sound generators and also provides the frequencies of all notes: so all Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

Pimping up RTSP

In my last Arduino AudioTools Release I have integrated a RTSP server and client. The server was using RTOS tasks for the session management und a timer for timing the audio data. I decided to make things more flexible by providing different implementations for the Server and Streamer. Here is the overview of all available classes. I added a taskless server, so that we can use it w/o RTOS. Apart from the timer based standard Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

Arduino Emulator: Major Architecture Improvements and Raspberry Pi Support

October 2025 I’m excited to share some significant updates to the Arduino Emulator project that make it more robust, easier to use, and better aligned with official Arduino standards. These changes represent a major step forward in cross-platform Arduino development. 🔄 Arduino Core as Official Submodule The most significant architectural change is migrating to the official Arduino Core API as a git submodule. Previously, we maintained our own fork of the Arduino Core, but now Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

Down the Rabbit Hole: Publishing MP3 Files via RTSP

  Introduction Last week, I was asking myself the question how easy or difficult it would be to publish mp3 files via a RTSP server. Quite some time ago, I have extended the Mico-RTSP-Audio project to be integrated with the AudioTools, so all I theoretically needed to do was using an AudioPlayer to send mp3 files to the server. The RTSP Server I havent looked at this functionality for years, so the first thing was Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

Arduino Audio Tools is using less memory

I was always unhappy that just importing my Arduino Audio Tools library was using quite some PROGMEM and RAM even with an empty sketch: Sketch uses 888547 bytes (67%) of program storage space. Maximum is 1310720 bytes. Global variables use 43352 bytes (13%) of dynamic memory, leaving 284328 bytes for local variables. Maximum is 327680 bytes. The root cause for this was that I considered networking to be part of the core functionality that should Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

Arduino Audio Tools: Building a Simple DTMF Detector using Goertzel

The Goertzel Algorithm is an optimized Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) that can detect defined frequencies. It can be used e.g. to identify DTMF keys. DTMF keys conist of 2 tones that can be described by the following diagram: In the Arduino Audio Tools library we can use the GoertzelStream to build a simple DTMF detector. Arduino Sketch The example can be found in the examples and I was using an AI Thinker AudioKit for testing. Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

Arduino Audio Tools: Pimping Up Resampling

The ResampleStream class of the Arduino Audio Tools project provides some flexible resampling functionality both on the input and the output side. To calculate the values it just uses a simple but efficient linear interpolation. I finally managed to provide an extended ResampleStreamT resampling class that uses some alternative interpolation method implementations: Here is an overview with the advantages and disadvantages: Method Quality CPU Cost Artifacts Interpolates Sample Points Linear Low Very Low High Yes Read more

By pschatzmann, ago

HIMEM – ESP32 PSRAM on Steroids

Quite some time ago, I published some blogs about the ESP32 PSRAM. I think it is about time to dig a litte deeper into the topic and look at how we can use the unadressable 4 MBytes. PSRAM and C++ STL One thing that took me by surprise when I was testing with the actual ESP32 3.2.0 core, is that you just need to switch on the PSRAM in Arduino, and the C++ STL classes Read more

By pschatzmann, ago