{"id":6826,"date":"2025-09-24T12:21:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T10:21:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/?p=6826"},"modified":"2025-09-24T13:31:06","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T11:31:06","slug":"publishing-mp3-files-via-rtsp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2025\/09\/24\/publishing-mp3-files-via-rtsp\/","title":{"rendered":"Down the Rabbit Hole: Publishing MP3 Files via RTSP"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction\">Introduction<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Last week, I was asking myself the question how easy or difficult it would be to <strong>publish mp3 files via a RTSP<\/strong> server.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quite some time ago, I have extended the <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/Micro-RTSP-Audio\">Mico-RTSP-Audio<\/a> project to be integrated with the AudioTools, so all I theoretically needed to do was using an AudioPlayer to send mp3 files to the server.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-rtsp-server\">The RTSP Server<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I havent looked at this functionality for years, so the first thing was to check if the sketch that is publishing a sine tone was still working. To my dismay, it was not!<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I never had the need to look at the internernals of that project, so to make it work again, I needed to understand the inner workings. Here are my findings:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>It used an <strong>ESP32 timer<\/strong> to publish data in defined intervals<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>It used a <strong>low level socket API<\/strong> to build the server part tighly integrated into the ESP32 functionality<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>It was using a <strong>FreeRTPS task API<\/strong> for the session management<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Well, the AudioTools is providing a <strong>processor independent timer<\/strong> abstraction. <strong>Tasks<\/strong> are also abstracted by C++ classes and Arduino provides nice <strong>high level networking<\/strong> classes, so I decided to redesign the functionality and <strong>integrate<\/strong> it into the <strong>AudioTools<\/strong> to support a platform independent <strong>WiFi<\/strong> and <strong>Ethernet<\/strong> implementation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new implementation still relies on Tasks, but I think it would not be too difficult to provide some implementation w\/o it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here is the link to the <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/group__rtsp.html\">complete class documentation<\/a> of the new functionality that is available with the 2.1.0 release of the <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/arduino-audio-tools\"><strong>AudioTools<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-mp3-publishing-example\">The MP3 Publishing Example<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The major challenge in publishing MP3 files is, that we need to <strong>extract header information<\/strong> from the mp3 segments e.g. to determine the timing and to split it up into <strong>individual segements that start with a synch word<\/strong>. I am providing the new <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_m_p3_parser_encoder.html#aed4bf0d5ce93f27242be485943d0b37d\">MP3ParserEncoder<\/a> class to provide this functionality.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In order to avoid any disruption that could be caused by <strong>ID3 metadata<\/strong>, we will filter it out with the help of a MetaDataFilterEncoder.<\/p>\r\n<p>So first we need to include the relevant functionality:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-1\" data-shcb-language-name=\"PHP\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"php\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-php\"><span class=\"hljs-comment\">#include \"AudioTools.h\"<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">#include \"AudioTools\/Disk\/AudioSourceSDMMC.h\" \/\/ Access to Files<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">#include \"AudioTools\/AudioCodecs\/MP3Parser.h\" \/\/ MP3ParserEncoder<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">#define USE_RTSP_LOGIN \/\/ activate WiFi login support<\/span>\r\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">#include \"AudioTools\/Communication\/RTSP.h\" \/\/ RTSP Server<\/span>\r\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-1\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">PHP<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">php<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">I decided to make the WiFi login optional, so to keep the example short, I will activate it via a define. Now we are ready to define the differnt objects and link them together.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-2\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\">int port = <span class=\"hljs-number\">554<\/span>;\r\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> char* wifi = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"SSID\"<\/span>;\r\n<span class=\"hljs-keyword\">const<\/span> char* password = <span class=\"hljs-string\">\"password\"<\/span>;\r\n\r\n<span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ rtsp<\/span>\r\nMP3ParserEncoder enc; <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ mp3 packaging<\/span>\r\nRTSPFormatMP3 mp3format(enc); <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ RTSP mp3<\/span>\r\nMetaDataFilterEncoder filter(enc);\r\nRTSPOutput&lt;RTSPPlatformWiFi&gt; rtsp_out(mp3format, filter);\r\nAudioSourceSDMMC source(<span class=\"hljs-string\">\"\/\"<\/span>, <span class=\"hljs-string\">\".mp3\"<\/span>);\r\nCopyDecoder dec; <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ no decoding, just copy<\/span>\r\nAudioPlayer player(source, rtsp_out, dec);\r\nRTSPServer&lt;RTSPPlatformWiFi&gt; rtsp(rtsp_out.streamer(), port);\r\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-2\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Connecting the dots: We can use an <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_audio_player.html\">AudioPlayer<\/a> that sends the data &#8216;as-is&#8217; to an <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_r_t_s_p_output.html\">RTSPOutput<\/a> (using a <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_r_t_s_p_output.html\">CopyDecoder<\/a>) and <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_audio_source_s_d_m_m_c.html\">AudioSourceSDMMC<\/a> as data source. The <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_r_t_s_p_server.html\">RTSPServer<\/a> gets the data from the RTSPOutput using the <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_r_t_s_p_format_m_p3.html\">RTSPFormatMP3<\/a> to provide the relevant rtsp setup information and a <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_m_p3_parser_encoder.html\">MP3ParserEncoder<\/a> via a <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_meta_data_filter_encoder.html\">MetaDataFilterEncoder<\/a> to make the mp3 segements available as required.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the Arduino setup we start all relevant objects:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\" aria-describedby=\"shcb-language-3\" data-shcb-language-name=\"JavaScript\" data-shcb-language-slug=\"javascript\"><span><code class=\"hljs language-javascript\"><span class=\"hljs-keyword\">void<\/span> setup() {\r\n  Serial.begin(<span class=\"hljs-number\">115200<\/span>);\r\n  AudioToolsLogger.begin(Serial, <span class=\"hljs-attr\">AudioToolsLogLevel<\/span>::Warning);\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ delay between mp3 files<\/span>\r\n  source.setTimeoutAutoNext(<span class=\"hljs-number\">1000<\/span>);\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ start the player<\/span>\r\n  player.begin();\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Start Output Stream<\/span>\r\n  rtsp_out.begin();\r\n\r\n  <span class=\"hljs-comment\">\/\/ Start Wifi &amp; rtsp server<\/span>\r\n  rtsp.begin(wifi, password);\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/span><small class=\"shcb-language\" id=\"shcb-language-3\"><span class=\"shcb-language__label\">Code language:<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__name\">JavaScript<\/span> <span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">(<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__slug\">javascript<\/span><span class=\"shcb-language__paren\">)<\/span><\/small><\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And finally the loop processing is quite short:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><span><code class=\"hljs\">  if (rtsp_out &amp;&amp; rtsp) {\r\n      player.copy();\r\n  }\r\n<\/code><\/span><\/pre>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We just send some data from the player, when the <strong>server has a connection<\/strong> and is ready and when the <strong>RTSPOutput queue is not full<\/strong> yet.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When I was testing this functionality with <strong>VLC<\/strong>, it was working quite nicely: but with ffplay it did not work. It took me quite some time to figure out the solution and extend the server functionality:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>some clients do not expect <strong>UDP<\/strong> to receive the audio data but <strong>TCP\/IP<\/strong><\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>some clients expect a <strong>4 byte RFC2250 header<\/strong> before the mp3 segment.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The RTSPServer currently determines if the RFC2250 header is needed based on the client identification, but you can define this yourself in the <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_r_t_s_p_format_m_p3.html\">RTSPFormatMP3<\/a> by calling the setUseRfc2250Header(bool) method.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"soruce-code\">Soruce Code<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The complete (potentially updated) example can be found in the <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/arduino-audio-tools\/blob\/main\/examples\/examples-communication\/rtsp\/communication-player_mp3-rtsp\/communication-player_mp3-rtsp.ino\">example directory of the project<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"summary-and-conclusion\">Summary and Conclusion<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It turned out to be much more work since I decided to redesign the whole RTSP server to make it Platform independent. In order to support mp3, I needed to implement\/extend my MP3 parser and expose the functionality via the new encoder RTSPFormatMP3 class. I finally I also needed to tweak the RTSPFormatMP3 implementation to provide the information from the parser and RFC2250 header support.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Introduction Last week, I was asking myself the question how easy or difficult it would be to publish mp3 files via a RTSP server. Quite some time ago, I have extended the Mico-RTSP-Audio project to be integrated with the AudioTools, so all I theoretically needed to do was using [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4712,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,22],"tags":[46,61],"class_list":["post-6826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arduino","category-machine-sound","tag-communications","tag-rtsp"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Down the Rabbit Hole: Publishing MP3 Files via RTSP - Phil Schatzmann<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2025\/09\/24\/publishing-mp3-files-via-rtsp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Down the Rabbit Hole: Publishing MP3 Files via RTSP - Phil Schatzmann\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&nbsp; Introduction Last week, I was asking myself the question how easy or difficult it would be to publish mp3 files via a RTSP server. 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