{"id":6608,"date":"2025-03-04T16:57:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T15:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/?p=6608"},"modified":"2025-03-20T13:36:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T12:36:41","slug":"audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2025\/03\/04\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\/","title":{"rendered":"AudioTools: An ESP32 IDF implementation of URLStream"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The following classes can be used as <strong>HTTP client<\/strong> and implement the <a href=\"https:\/\/pschatzmann.github.io\/arduino-audio-tools\/classaudio__tools_1_1_abstract_u_r_l_stream.html\">AbstractURLStream<\/a> API.<br \/>\nAll these classes are dependent on the Arduino Networking API:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>URLStream<\/strong>: Supports HTTP GET, POST, PUT and DELETE<\/li>\n<li><strong>ICYStream<\/strong>: Supports the ICY protocol<\/li>\n<li><strong>URLStreamBuffered<\/strong>: Using buffer that is filled by a task<\/li>\n<li><strong>ICYStreamBuffered<\/strong>: Using buffer that is filled by a task<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I thought that it would be cool to have this functionality also working for the ESP32 outside of Arduino. The following <strong>new<\/strong> implementations just depend on the <strong>ESP32 IDF Framework<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>URLStreamESP32<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>ICYStreamESP32<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>URLStreamBufferedESP32<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>ICYStreamBufferedESP32<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I restructured the code quite a bit to avoid any code duplication&#8230;<\/p>\n<h3>Example HTTP Sketch<\/h3>\n<p>HTTP is recommended over HTTPS because it is leaner and much more efficient.<br \/>\nHere is a simple example sketch:<\/p>\n<pre><code>#include \"AudioTools.h\"\n#include \"AudioTools\/AudioCodecs\/CodecMP3Helix.h\"\n\nURLStreamESP32 url(\"ssid\",\"password\");  \/\/ or replace with ICYStream to get metadata\nI2SStream i2s; \/\/ final output of decoded stream\nMP3DecoderHelix mp3;\nEncodedAudioStream dec(&amp;i2s, &amp;mp3); \/\/ Decoding stream\nStreamCopy copier(dec, url); \/\/ copy url to decoder\n\nvoid setup(){\n  Serial.begin(115200);\n  AudioToolsLogger.begin(Serial, AudioToolsLogLevel::Info);  \n\n  \/\/ setup i2s\n  auto config = i2s.defaultConfig(TX_MODE);\n  i2s.begin(config);\n\n  \/\/ setup I2S based on sampling rate provided by decoder\n  dec.begin();\n\n  \/\/ mp3 radio\n  if (!url.begin(\"http:\/\/stream.srg-ssr.ch\/m\/rsj\/mp3_128\",\"audio\/mp3\")){\n    stop();\n  }\n}\n\nvoid loop(){\n  copier.copy();\n}\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Example HTTPS Sketch<\/h3>\n<p>In order to support https, just change the url and provide the top level certificate<\/p>\n<pre><code>  \/\/ mp3 https radio\n  url.setCACert(root_ca);\n  if (!url.begin(\"https:\/\/stream.srg-ssr.ch\/m\/rsj\/mp3_128\",\"audio\/mp3\")){\n    stop();\n  }\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>Determining the Certificate<\/h3>\n<p>To determine the cetificate execute the following command:<\/p>\n<pre><code>openssl s_client -showcerts -connect stream.srg-ssr.ch:443 &lt;\/dev\/null\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>You can include all certificates, but the relevant one is only the last!<\/p>\n<h3>Format the Certificate<\/h3>\n<p>This needs to be converted into the following format so that it can be provided as a C++ variable:<\/p>\n<pre><code>\/\/ openssl s_client -showcerts -connect stream.srg-ssr.ch:443 &lt;\/dev\/null\nconst char root_ca[] = \n \"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\\n\" \n \"MIIEADCCAuigAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBjMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEh\\n\" \n \"MB8GA1UEChMYVGhlIEdvIERhZGR5IEdyb3VwLCBJbmMuMTEwLwYDVQQLEyhHbyBE\\n\" \n \"YWRkeSBDbGFzcyAyIENlcnRpZmljYXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5MB4XDTA0MDYyOTE3\\n\" \n \"MDYyMFoXDTM0MDYyOTE3MDYyMFowYzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxITAfBgNVBAoTGFRo\\n\" \n \"ZSBHbyBEYWRkeSBHcm91cCwgSW5jLjExMC8GA1UECxMoR28gRGFkZHkgQ2xhc3Mg\\n\" \n \"MiBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0aW9uIEF1dGhvcml0eTCCASAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADggEN\\n\" \n \"ADCCAQgCggEBAN6d1+pXGEmhW+vXX0iG6r7d\/+TvZxz0ZWizV3GgXne77ZtJ6XCA\\n\" \n \"PVYYYwhv2vLM0D9\/AlQiVBDYsoHUwHU9S3\/Hd8M+eKsaA7Ugay9qK7HFiH7Eux6w\\n\" \n \"wdhFJ2+qN1j3hybX2C32qRe3H3I2TqYXP2WYktsqbl2i\/ojgC95\/5Y0V4evLOtXi\\n\" \n \"EqITLdiOr18SPaAIBQi2XKVlOARFmR6jYGB0xUGlcmIbYsUfb18aQr4CUWWoriMY\\n\" \n \"avx4A6lNf4DD+qta\/KFApMoZFv6yyO9ecw3ud72a9nmYvLEHZ6IVDd2gWMZEewo+\\n\" \n \"YihfukEHU1jPEX44dMX4\/7VpkI+EdOqXG68CAQOjgcAwgb0wHQYDVR0OBBYEFNLE\\n\" \n \"sNKR1EwRcbNhyz2h\/t2oatTjMIGNBgNVHSMEgYUwgYKAFNLEsNKR1EwRcbNhyz2h\\n\" \n \"\/t2oatTjoWekZTBjMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEhMB8GA1UEChMYVGhlIEdvIERhZGR5\\n\" \n \"IEdyb3VwLCBJbmMuMTEwLwYDVQQLEyhHbyBEYWRkeSBDbGFzcyAyIENlcnRpZmlj\\n\" \n \"YXRpb24gQXV0aG9yaXR5ggEAMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAD\\n\" \n \"ggEBADJL87LKPpH8EsahB4yOd6AzBhRckB4Y9wimPQoZ+YeAEW5p5JYXMP80kWNy\\n\" \n \"OO7MHAGjHZQopDH2esRU1\/blMVgDoszOYtuURXO1v0XJJLXVggKtI3lpjbi2Tc7P\\n\" \n \"TMozI+gciKqdi0FuFskg5YmezTvacPd+mSYgFFQlq25zheabIZ0KbIIOqPjCDPoQ\\n\" \n \"HmyW74cNxA9hi63ugyuV+I6ShHI56yDqg+2DzZduCLzrTia2cyvk0\/ZM\/iZx4mER\\n\" \n \"dEr\/VxqHD3VILs9RaRegAhJhldXRQLIQTO7ErBBDpqWeCtWVYpoNz4iCxTIM5Cuf\\n\" \n \"ReYNnyicsbkqWletNw+vHX\/bvZ8=\\n\" \n \"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\\n\\0\";\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Make sure that you add a traling null (with \\0).<br \/>\nBy declaring this as const, the data will end up in PROGMEM!<\/p>\n<h3>Deactivating SSL Checks in IDF<\/h3>\n<p>To completely disable the certificate check, you will need to go to ESP-TLS<br \/>\nin menuconfig, enable &#8220;Allow potentially insecure options&#8221; and then enable<br \/>\n&#8220;Skip server certificate verification by default&#8221; (accepting risks).<\/p>\n<h3>Dependencies<\/h3>\n<p>You need to install the following libraries:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/arduino-audio-tools\">Arduino AudioTools<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/arduino-libhelix\">libhelix MP3 Decoder<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following classes can be used as HTTP client and implement the AbstractURLStream API. All these classes are dependent on the Arduino Networking API: URLStream: Supports HTTP GET, POST, PUT and DELETE ICYStream: Supports the ICY protocol URLStreamBuffered: Using buffer that is filled by a task ICYStreamBuffered: Using buffer that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6623,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,22],"tags":[46,50],"class_list":["post-6608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arduino","category-machine-sound","tag-communications","tag-idf"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>AudioTools: An ESP32 IDF implementation of URLStream - Phil Schatzmann<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2025\/03\/04\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AudioTools: An ESP32 IDF implementation of URLStream - Phil Schatzmann\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The following classes can be used as HTTP client and implement the AbstractURLStream API. All these classes are dependent on the Arduino Networking API: URLStream: Supports HTTP GET, POST, PUT and DELETE ICYStream: Supports the ICY protocol URLStreamBuffered: Using buffer that is filled by a task ICYStreamBuffered: Using buffer that [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2025\/03\/04\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Phil Schatzmann\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-04T15:57:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-20T12:36:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/idf.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"225\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"225\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"pschatzmann\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"pschatzmann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/04\\\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/04\\\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"pschatzmann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/73a53638a4e34e8373405fd737dac9b1\"},\"headline\":\"AudioTools: An ESP32 IDF implementation of URLStream\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-04T15:57:33+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-20T12:36:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/04\\\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":264,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/73a53638a4e34e8373405fd737dac9b1\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/04\\\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/idf.png\",\"keywords\":[\"Communications\",\"IDF\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Arduino\",\"Machine Sound\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/04\\\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/04\\\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2025\\\/03\\\/04\\\/audiotools-an-esp32-idf-implementation-of-urlstream\\\/\",\"name\":\"AudioTools: An ESP32 IDF implementation of URLStream - 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