{"id":6064,"date":"2024-02-17T19:02:22","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T18:02:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/?p=6064"},"modified":"2024-02-17T19:44:44","modified_gmt":"2024-02-17T18:44:44","slug":"stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2024\/02\/17\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\/","title":{"rendered":"STM32F411 Discovery Kit and Arduino:  Investigating the I2S Library Quality Issue"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2024\/02\/15\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-the-i2s-library\/\">my last post<\/a> I have complained that my sine wave test sketch was producing just noise. So I am trying now to investigate where the issue is coming from.<\/p>\n<h2>Using Basic APIs<\/h2>\n<p>So first, I try an Arduino Sketch which is just using the <strong>low level API<\/strong> of my libraries: This<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>configures the codec using the driver API, <\/li>\n<li>sets up I2S using the STM32 I2S library and just <\/li>\n<li>uses the sine generator from the AudioKit to fill the data in the callback.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code>#include \"AudioTools.h\"\n#include \"stm32-i2s.h\"\n#include \"AudioBoard.h\"\n\nusing namespace stm32_i2s;\n\nSineWaveGenerator&lt;int16_t&gt; sineWave(32000);  \nint sample_rate = 8000;\nint channels = 2;\n\nvoid getData(uint8_t *buffer, uint16_t byteCount, void*) {\n    uint16_t samples = byteCount \/ sizeof(int16_t);\n    int16_t *buffer_16 = (int16_t*) buffer;\n    for (uint j = 0; j &lt; samples; j+=2) {\n        buffer_16[j] = sineWave.readSample();\n        buffer_16[j+1] = buffer_16[j];\n    }\n}\n\nvoid setup() {\n  Serial.begin(115200);\n  \/\/ setup sine wave\n  sineWave.begin(channels, sample_rate, N_B1);\n\n  \/\/ setup codec\n  CodecConfig cfg;\n  cfg.i2s.rate = RATE_8K;\n  STM32F411Disco.begin(cfg);   \n\n  \/\/ setup i2s\n  I2SSettingsSTM32 i2s_settings;\n  i2s_settings.sample_rate = I2S_AUDIOFREQ_8K;\n  I2S.beginWriteDMA(i2s_settings, getData);\n}\n\n\/\/ Arduino loop - copy sound to out \nvoid loop() {\n  delay(1000);\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>This is working much better. So the issue must be in my STM32 driver in the AudioTools and indeed, after adding some more error messages I was getting plenty of <strong>buffer under-runs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>Using the Regular API<\/h2>\n<p>In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2024\/02\/15\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-the-i2s-library\/\">my original sketch<\/a> I was expecting that the buffer is filled by the Arduino loop and consumed by the DMA. But it seems that this works only with very low sample rates.<\/p>\n<p>As I kind of hack, I am calling the loop now in the DMA callback, if the buffer is empty and this seems to resolve this issue!<\/p>\n<h2>Using the Driver API<\/h2>\n<p>I thought that it might be also useful to have the functionality from my first sketch available via the driver API:<\/p>\n<pre><code>#include \"AudioTools.h\"\n#include \"AudioLibs\/AudioBoardStream.h\"\n\nAudioInfo info(44100, 2, 16);\nSineWaveGenerator&lt;int16_t&gt; sineWave(32000);                \nGeneratedSoundStream&lt;int16_t&gt; sound(sineWave);  \nAudioBoardStream out(STM32F411Disco);\n\n\/\/ Arduino Setup\nvoid setup(void) {  \n  \/\/ Open Serial and set up logging\n  Serial.begin(115200);\n  while(!Serial);\n  AudioLogger::instance().begin(Serial, AudioLogger::Info);\n\n  \/\/ define the audio source stream\n  out.driver()-&gt;setDMAInputStream(sound);\n\n  \/\/ Setup sine wave\n  sineWave.begin(info, N_B1);\n  Serial.println(\"started...\");\n\n  \/\/ start I2S\n  Serial.println(\"starting I2S...\");\n  auto config = out.defaultConfig(TX_MODE);\n  config.buffer_size = 1024;\n  config.buffer_count = 2;\n  config.copyFrom(info); \n  if (!out.begin(config)){\n    Serial.println(\"error!\");\n    stop();\n  }\n\n  \/\/ defines the output volume\n  out.setVolume(0.3);\n\n}\n\n\/\/ Arduino loop - do nothing \nvoid loop() {}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>By calling setDMAInputStream() we can make the input stream available to the DMA logic in the driver, so that the DMA can directly read from it.<\/p>\n<h2>Dependencies<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/arduino-audio-tools\">arduino-audio-tools<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/arduino-audio-driver\">arduino-audio-driver<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/stm32f411-i2s\">stm32f411-i2s<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In my last post I have complained that my sine wave test sketch was producing just noise. So I am trying now to investigate where the issue is coming from. Using Basic APIs So first, I try an Arduino Sketch which is just using the low level API of my [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5270,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arduino","category-machine-sound"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>STM32F411 Discovery Kit and Arduino: Investigating the I2S Library Quality Issue - Phil Schatzmann<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2024\/02\/17\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"STM32F411 Discovery Kit and Arduino: Investigating the I2S Library Quality Issue - Phil Schatzmann\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In my last post I have complained that my sine wave test sketch was producing just noise. So I am trying now to investigate where the issue is coming from. Using Basic APIs So first, I try an Arduino Sketch which is just using the low level API of my [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2024\/02\/17\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Phil Schatzmann\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-02-17T18:02:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-17T18:44:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/stm32F411Disco-e1674818325750.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"180\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"pschatzmann\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"pschatzmann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/17\\\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/17\\\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"pschatzmann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/73a53638a4e34e8373405fd737dac9b1\"},\"headline\":\"STM32F411 Discovery Kit and Arduino: Investigating the I2S Library Quality Issue\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-02-17T18:02:22+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-17T18:44:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/17\\\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":252,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/73a53638a4e34e8373405fd737dac9b1\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/17\\\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/01\\\/stm32F411Disco-e1674818325750.jpeg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Arduino\",\"Machine Sound\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/17\\\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/17\\\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pschatzmann.ch\\\/home\\\/2024\\\/02\\\/17\\\/stm32f411-discovery-kit-and-arduino-investigating-the-i2s-library-quality-issue\\\/\",\"name\":\"STM32F411 Discovery Kit and Arduino: Investigating the I2S Library Quality Issue - 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