{"id":5154,"date":"2022-11-23T16:54:05","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T15:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/?p=5154"},"modified":"2023-06-30T11:57:37","modified_gmt":"2023-06-30T09:57:37","slug":"pitch-shifting-with-the-arduino-audio-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2022\/11\/23\/pitch-shifting-with-the-arduino-audio-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Pitch Shifting with the Arduino Audio Tools"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I had some <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pitch_shift\">pitch shifting<\/a> effect on my to-do list for a long time now and finally managed to provide this in my <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/pschatzmann\/arduino-audio-tools\">Arduino Audio Tools<\/a> Library.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pitch shifting<\/strong> is the functionality to change the pitch of an input signal w\/o changing the length. If you use a higher pitch you get a Mickey Mouse voice, if you use a lower pitch you create a Hulk voice.<\/p>\n<p>In my first implementation I used the work from <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.zynaptiq.com\/bernsee\/pitch-shifting-using-the-ft\/\">Stephan Bernsee<\/a> and implemented an solution which was <strong>based on FFT<\/strong>. But it was a tremendous failure: the microcontroller was just not fast enough to process the signal, so the sound was breaking up badly!<\/p>\n<p>So I needed another approach: Thats&#8217; when I found <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/YetAnotherElectronicsChannel\/STM32_DSP_PitchShift\">YetAnotherElectronicsChannel<\/a>&#8216;s explanation to use a <strong>ring buffer<\/strong> instead.<\/p>\n<p>Though audio waves are varying vastly, they tend to <strong>remain stable<\/strong> during a <strong>short period of time<\/strong>.  So we just need to provide a ring buffer where we can write at constant speed and where we can read the audio data back with variable floating point offsets (= variable speed): The only challenge with this approach, is that we need to implement some special logic when the read pointer is <strong>overrunning<\/strong> the write pointer (or vice versa).<\/p>\n<p>Since a variable pitch ring buffer is key to this approach, I am providing <strong>different implementations<\/strong> that we can evaluate below:<\/p>\n<h2>Arduino Test Sketch<\/h2>\n<p>I am just <strong>generating a sine wave<\/strong> and <strong>run it thru the pitch conversion<\/strong>. Here is the Arduino sketch that just prints out a signal. The result can then be <strong>analysed in the Serial Plotter<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<pre><code>#include \"AudioTools.h\"\n\nfloat pitch_shift = 1.3;\nint buffer_size = 1000;\nuint16_t sample_rate=44100;\nuint8_t channels = 1;                                      \/\/ The stream will have 2 channels \nSineWaveGenerator&lt;int16_t&gt; sineWave(32000);                \/\/ subclass of SoundGenerator with max amplitude of 32000\nGeneratedSoundStream&lt;int16_t&gt; sound(sineWave);             \/\/ Stream generated from sine wave\nCsvStream&lt;int16_t&gt; out(Serial, 1);                         \/\/ Final output to Serial\n\/\/use one of VariableSpeedRingBufferSimple, VariableSpeedRingBuffer, VariableSpeedRingBuffer180 \nPitchShiftStream&lt;int16_t, VariableSpeedRingBuffer&lt;int16_t&gt;&gt; pitchShift(out);\nStreamCopy copier(pitchShift, sound);                       \/\/ copies sound to out\n\n\/\/ Arduino Setup\nvoid setup(void) {  \n  \/\/ Open Serial \n  Serial.begin(115200);\n  AudioLogger::instance().begin(Serial, AudioLogger::Warning);\n\n  \/\/ Define CSV Output\n  auto config = out.defaultConfig();\n  config.sample_rate = sample_rate; \n  config.channels = channels;\n  out.begin(config);\n\n  \/\/ configure pitch shift\n  auto pcfg = pitchShift.defaultConfig();\n  pcfg.copyFrom(config);\n  pcfg.pitch_shift = pitch_shift;\n  pcfg.buffer_size = buffer_size;\n  pitchShift.begin(pcfg);\n\n  \/\/ Setup sine wave\n  sineWave.begin(channels, sample_rate, N_B4);\n  Serial.println(\"started...\");\n}\n\n\/\/ Arduino loop - copy sound to out \nvoid loop() {\n  copier.copy();\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>VariableSpeedRingBufferSimple<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-Simple-300x124.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"124\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-Simple-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-Simple-768x318.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-Simple.png 982w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>In this implementation I have no special overrunning logic. So we will get quite some unwanted noise.<\/p>\n<h2>VariableSpeedRingBuffer180<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-180-300x125.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"125\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5156\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-180-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-180-768x321.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-180.png 992w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>This is the logic taken from YetAnotherElectronicsChannel. The quality is much better, but we still get some strange behaviour.<\/p>\n<h2>VariableSpeedRingBuffer<\/h2>\n<p>I tried to implement <strong>my own optimized logic<\/strong> which interpolates values and tries to allign the phase when the read pointer overtakes the write pointer.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-std-300x132.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"132\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-5155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-std-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-std-768x338.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/PITCH-SHIFT-std.png 976w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>I could not find any flaws in my implementation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I had some pitch shifting effect on my to-do list for a long time now and finally managed to provide this in my Arduino Audio Tools Library. Pitch shifting is the functionality to change the pitch of an input signal w\/o changing the length. If you use a higher pitch [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,22],"tags":[39,44],"class_list":["post-5154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arduino","category-machine-sound","tag-fft","tag-uno"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pitch Shifting with the Arduino Audio Tools - Phil Schatzmann<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2022\/11\/23\/pitch-shifting-with-the-arduino-audio-tools\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pitch Shifting with the Arduino Audio Tools - Phil Schatzmann\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I had some pitch shifting effect on my to-do list for a long time now and finally managed to provide this in my Arduino Audio Tools Library. Pitch shifting is the functionality to change the pitch of an input signal w\/o changing the length. 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