{"id":2563,"date":"2021-11-04T18:55:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-04T17:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/?p=2563"},"modified":"2021-12-12T01:41:30","modified_gmt":"2021-12-12T00:41:30","slug":"arduino-sound-recording-from-an-electric-guitar-with-an-adc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2021\/11\/04\/arduino-sound-recording-from-an-electric-guitar-with-an-adc\/","title":{"rendered":"Arduino Based Guitar Pedals with Standard Components ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A <strong>Guitar effects pedal<\/strong> is an electronic device that alters the sound of the instrument in different ways. They come in different types  like<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Overdrive Pedals.<\/li>\n<li>Delay Pedals.<\/li>\n<li>Reverb Pedals.<\/li>\n<li>Multi-fx Pedals.<\/li>\n<li>Fuzz Pedals.<\/li>\n<li>Preamp Pedals.<\/li>\n<li>Looper Pedals.<\/li>\n<li>Chorus Pedals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>and playing around with them in different combinations can be quite addictive.  You can find a few <strong>Arduino<\/strong> based solutions but they are usually based around some some <strong>custom boards<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>So I was wondering how far we can get by just using some cheap Arduino based <strong>standard modules<\/strong> together with a modern Microcontroller (e.g. ESP32 or Raspberry Pico) and a DSP library. The overall design should look as follows<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>An <strong>ADC<\/strong> is converting the sound to digital signals<\/li>\n<li>The Microcontroller processes (and alters) the signal<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>DAC<\/strong> is converting the signal back to some sound output which might need to be amplified<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)<\/h2>\n<p>The following was bothering me quite a bit: An analog sound signal is oscillating between + and &#8211; voltage with an average of 0V. An Microcontroller however expects to read signals between 0 and 3.3V (or 5V if it is a 5V Microcontroller). So we can&#8217;t feed an audio signal directly to a regular ADC.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/LineLevel.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" height=\"178\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2570\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The next question is how often we need to sample an <strong>Electric Guitar<\/strong> as <strong>Input Source to record sound<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The fundamental frequencies in the playable range of the typical, in-tune electric guitar covers the range from about <strong>80 Hz to about 1200 Hz<\/strong>. The <strong>nyquist sampling rate<\/strong> is two times the highest frequency of the input signal which would be 2400 Hz.<\/p>\n<p>Just to compare:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The standard sampling rate for for Audio CDs is 44,100 Hz<\/li>\n<li>The sampling rate for Telephones is 8,000 Hz  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>ADC &#8211; The Poor Mans Solution: Using the ADS1015<\/h2>\n<p>When I was searching for a Analog-Digital Converter I found the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aliexpress.com\/item\/1005002118781045.html?spm=a2g0s.9042311.0.0.6cf84c4dqfyDGF\">ADS1015 on Aliexpress<\/a>. It provides 12-bit precision at <strong>3300 samples\/second over I2C<\/strong>. The chip can be configured as 4 single-ended input channels, or two <strong>differential channels<\/strong> which is exactly what we need!.  As a nice bonus, it even includes a programmable gain amplifier, up to x16, to help boost up smaller single\/differential signals to the full range.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ADS1015-12-Bit-ADC-4-Channel-with-Programmable-Gain-Amplifier-1000x750-1-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ADS1015-12-Bit-ADC-4-Channel-with-Programmable-Gain-Amplifier-1000x750-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ADS1015-12-Bit-ADC-4-Channel-with-Programmable-Gain-Amplifier-1000x750-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ADS1015-12-Bit-ADC-4-Channel-with-Programmable-Gain-Amplifier-1000x750-1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Single coil pickups have an average peak around 100-200mV, max peak of 300-400mV. Humbucker you can double those numbers. More details can be found on <a href=\"http:\/\/tomsguitarprojects.blogspot.com\/2014\/12\/electric-guitar-output-voltage-levels.html\">Tom&#8217;s Guitar Projects<\/a>. So the programmable gain amplifier should be quite useful here. Digging into the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/ads1015.pdf?ts=1614354947283&amp;ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F\">specification<\/a> however I had to notice that though it provides differential input &#8211; the analog input is not supporting any negative voltages: The accepted range is from GND \u2013 0.3 to VDD + 0.3 which is right at the edge of our use case !<\/p>\n<p>I do not expect that the 3300 Hz will give us a good sound quality &#8211; but we might get away with it since one potential purpose of our processing is to add distortion anyway and at a cost of less then 2 USD this is very affordable!<\/p>\n<h2>Connecting the Guitar<\/h2>\n<p>I bought some 6,35 mm input Jacks and soldered some cables to it. On the other side i used simple Dupont connectors. Finally I <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thingiverse.com\/thing:4776554\">printed a case for the plug<\/a> on my Ender 3.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/GuitarPlug-288x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"288\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/GuitarPlug-288x300.png 288w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/GuitarPlug.png 334w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Connecting the Microcontroller<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/content.instructables.com\/ORIG\/FOL\/YWLI\/JEOILQ5U\/FOLYWLIJEOILQ5U.png?auto=webp&#038;frame=1&#038;width=1024&#038;fit=bounds&#038;md=a74a05c18f4b4d9f0db00ec63c7bc3c0\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2598\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The ADC is connected via <strong>I2C<\/strong>, so it uses the <strong>Serial Data Line (SDA)<\/strong> on GPIO 21 and <strong>Serial Clock Line (SCL)<\/strong> on GPIO 22. Here are all the connections:<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>ADC<\/th>\n<th>ESP32<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>V<\/td>\n<td>3.3V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>G<\/td>\n<td>GND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SCL<\/td>\n<td>GPIO 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SDA<\/td>\n<td>GPIO 21<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ADDR<\/td>\n<td>GND<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ALERT<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A0<\/td>\n<td>Guitar 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A1<\/td>\n<td>Guitar 2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A2<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>A3<\/td>\n<td>&#8211;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>By tying the ADDR line to GND &#8211; the device gets the slave address 1001000 which is 0x48.<\/p>\n<h2>A first Validation<\/h2>\n<p>In our first sketch we just read the values and send it to the Arduino Plotter. There we should be able to see if we get some nice sound waves or just noise. Fortunately we can use some <a href=\"https:\/\/learn.adafruit.com\/adafruit-4-channel-adc-breakouts\/arduino-code\">libraries from Adafruit<\/a> und use the Arduino Plotter to display the result:<\/p>\n<pre><code>#include &lt;Wire.h&gt;\n#include &lt;Adafruit_ADS1X15.h&gt;\n\nAdafruit_ADS1015 ads1015;   \nint16_t sample; \n\nvoid setup(void) {\n  Serial.begin(115200);\n  ads1015.setGain(GAIN_SIXTEEN);\n  ads1015.begin();  \n}\n\nvoid loop() {\n  sample = ads1015.readADC_Differential_0_1();\n  Serial.println(sample); \n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-27-at-09.15.31-300x109.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"100%\" height=\"109\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2624\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-27-at-09.15.31-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-27-at-09.15.31-768x279.png 768w, https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screen-Shot-2021-02-27-at-09.15.31.png 1452w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>And indeed it seems that we can pick up some sound waves &#8211; so we can consider to go to the next step and try to output the sound somehow. But that&#8217;s for another blog&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Guitar effects pedal is an electronic device that alters the sound of the instrument in different ways. They come in different types like Overdrive Pedals. Delay Pedals. Reverb Pedals. Multi-fx Pedals. Fuzz Pedals. Preamp Pedals. Looper Pedals. Chorus Pedals and playing around with them in different combinations can be [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2595,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-2563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-machine-sound","tag-guitarpedals"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Arduino Based Guitar Pedals with Standard Components ? - Phil Schatzmann<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.pschatzmann.ch\/home\/2021\/11\/04\/arduino-sound-recording-from-an-electric-guitar-with-an-adc\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arduino Based Guitar Pedals with Standard Components ? - Phil Schatzmann\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Guitar effects pedal is an electronic device that alters the sound of the instrument in different ways. 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