In Arduino we can use the analogWrite(pin, value) method to create a PWM signal on the digital pins. The value parameter is used to change the duty cycle but the PWM frequency which is fixed at usually 490 Hz and can not be changed. Here is a simple example sketch Read more
The easiest way to “record” audio with an Arduino UNO R4 is by using an analog microphone which can be connected to any analog pin. For my test I was using a MCP6022 Microphone Sensor. Arduino Sketch There are no surprises here because we can use the AnalogAudioStream as audio Read more
This week I received a brand new Arduino UNO R4 in my mail.It uses a Renesas 32 bit microprocessor and has 256 kB Flash and 32 kB RAM. It provides 1 DAC and 6 PWM pins. I got the version which also provides WIFI and a LED matrix. Unfortunately there Read more
I thought it should be quite easy to use the new debugging functionality of Arduino 2.0 with the RP2040 using the official RP2040 debug probe in Earle Phil Hower’s core. I am using Arduino on my old Macbook running Linux: And Boy was I wrong! The first challenge was to Read more
At the very beginning of my Arduino AudioTools project, I was providing a codec for WAV files. It was just handling PCM audio, so it just needed to read or write the header and then could just copy the audio data. In my last blog, I was writing that the Read more
My AudioTools project is supporting quite a few audio encoders and decoders. They are critical to reduce the storage or transmission volume of audio. Though I support the encoding of AAC and MP3, I can’t really recommend this: it requires a lot of memory and processing time. For an introduction Read more
In my last post I was writing about audio containers. But containers are usually also used to mux audio and video together in one file. This made me think, if we could play movies on an ESP32? In fact there are some projects out there that exactly do this: They Read more
So far I have created quite a few posts about the supported codecs, but I never provided any detailed information how things work behind the scene. Audio codecs are used to compress and decompress PCM audio data. I tried to eliminate all the complexity but sometimes it helps to know Read more
We can dynamically allocate memory with malloc() or use the dedicated ESP32 specific functions. In general we need to use byte aligned allocations (MALLOC_CAP_8BIT). When we have used up all available memory space, we still have 4 byte aligned memory available that we can use to store arrays of int32_t Read more
Quite some time ago, I was describing how we can stream audio with the help of RTSP. In that example we needed to provide a data stream from which we can read the audio! This is not very flexible and often we want to specify RTSP as output: e.g. in Read more